无料钟炉顶布料的探讨

无料钟炉顶布料是现代高炉发展趋势,合理的布料矩阵是关键,合理布料矩阵的确定依靠对碰撞点的测定,炉料堆尖对煤气流的影响以及高炉所处的外部环境等因素来确定.     

Energy input during friction stir spot welding

Friction stir spot welding is performed on thin plates of an aluminum alloy. This paper presents the results on how the number of tool rotations affects the quality of the resulting spot weld. Different combinations of rotation rate and dwell time are investigated. A linear relationship was found to exist between the number of tool rotations completed during the spot weld and the resulting tensile shear strength. Spot welds that only completed 10 rotations were 177% stronger than those created at 50 tool rotations. The energy generated during the welding operation was quantified and also found to have a linear relationship with tensile shear strength. A modified open-loop position control system is proposed that monitors and limits the energy generated during friction stir spot welding by adjusting the dwell time.     

引信电磁感应装定校验纠错码研究

对在引信电磁感应装定中可采用的不同检验纠错码方式进行了理论分析,最终选取循环码并采用循环冗余校验法进行校验纠错。将11位信息码元进行分组,选取其中一组（110）这3个信息码元作为研究对象,求出其生成矩阵与校验矩阵,得到加入校验码后的码元组成（1100101）,根据其矩阵设计出编码与解码的电路图。为了验证加入校验码后的校验效果,用MATLAB软件对（7,3）循环码在噪声情况下的传输误码率进行了仿真验证,得到的结果与理论分析结果一致。     

黄龙钙华水体藻多样性及分布规律研究

对黄龙钙华水体藻种类、分布规律及多样性进行了研究,共鉴定出23属53种淡水藻类,分属5门。黄龙钙华水体藻类以硅藻占绝对优势,绿藻、黄藻门、蓝藻门次之,裸藻门、金藻门最少。从季节交替变化来看,春季小球藻最多,夏秋季节硅藻最多;从分布规律来看,夏季以海拔最高的泉眼处藻类最多,沿海拔降低藻类数量递减;秋季以钙华滩流群处藻类最盛。多样性分析结果表明,黄龙水体钙华藻类的物种丰富度指数dmar在0.083⁰.667之间,多样性指数H在0.1910.667之间,多样性指数H在0.191¹.99之间,均匀度e在0.2761.99之间,均匀度e在0.276¹.000之间。结果表明黄龙钙华水体藻类受到季节、温度、水量等环境因数和海拔、钙华滩、彩池等地理因素影响表现出现种群的周期演替。     

One Hundred Questions of Importance to the Conservation of Global Biological Diversity

Abstract:  We identified 100 scientific questions that, if answered, would have the greatest impact on conservation practice and policy. Representatives from 21 international organizations, regional sections and working groups of the Society for Conservation Biology, and 12 academics, from all continents except Antarctica, compiled 2291 questions of relevance to conservation of biological diversity worldwide. The questions were gathered from 761 individuals through workshops, email requests, and discussions. Voting by email to short-list questions, followed by a 2-day workshop, was used to derive the final list of 100 questions. Most of the final questions were derived through a process of modification and combination as the workshop progressed. The questions are divided into 12 sections: ecosystem functions and services, climate change, technological change, protected areas, ecosystem management and restoration, terrestrial ecosystems, marine ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, species management, organizational systems and processes, societal context and change, and impacts of conservation interventions. We anticipate that these questions will help identify new directions for researchers and assist funders in directing funds.     

A national and local media perspective on responsibility for and solutions to storm-related power outages in the northeastern United States

Major storms in the northeastern United States in 2011 and 2012 caused widespread power outages, bringing attention to the vulnerability of utility infrastructure as a result of extreme weather and environmental change. Media coverage of such focusing events provides context for and can affect government and public response. Our objective was to analyze gatekeeping, agenda setting, and framing in the New York Times (NYT) and local newspapers covering power outages related to large storm events in 2011 and 2012 (Tropical Storm Irene, October snowstorm, Hurricane Sandy). Government and utility officials focused on structural solutions to mitigate future storm impacts, whereas residents and businesses targeted individual actions. NYT interviews included residents more frequently than local newspapers, influencing coverage of impacts and solutions. Geographic differences between NYT and local newspapers’ foci may relate to coverage of solutions to and responsibility for outages. Our findings demonstrate the importance of collective action toward shared solutions.     

Quantification of Extinction Risk: IUCN's System for Classifying Threatened Species

Abstract: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species was increasingly used during the 1980s to assess the conservation status of species for policy and planning purposes. This use stimulated the development of a new set of quantitative criteria for listing species in the categories of threat: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. These criteria, which were intended to be applicable to all species except microorganisms, were part of a broader system for classifying threatened species and were fully implemented by IUCN in 2000. The system and the criteria have been widely used by conservation practitioners and scientists and now underpin one indicator being used to assess the Convention on Biological Diversity 2010 biodiversity target. We describe the process and the technical background to the IUCN Red List system. The criteria refer to fundamental biological processes underlying population decline and extinction. But given major differences between species, the threatening processes affecting them, and the paucity of knowledge relating to most species, the IUCN system had to be both broad and flexible to be applicable to the majority of described species. The system was designed to measure the symptoms of extinction risk, and uses 5 independent criteria relating to aspects of population loss and decline of range size. A species is assigned to a threat category if it meets the quantitative threshold for at least one criterion. The criteria and the accompanying rules and guidelines used by IUCN are intended to increase the consistency, transparency, and validity of its categorization system, but it necessitates some compromises that affect the applicability of the system and the species lists that result. In particular, choices were made over the assessment of uncertainty, poorly known species, depleted species, population decline, restricted ranges, and rarity; all of these affect the way red lists should be viewed and used. Processes related to priority setting and the development of national red lists need to take account of some assumptions in the formulation of the criteria.     

应急准备任务设置与应急响应能力建设——基于情景-任务-能力应急预案编制技术研究之二

应急准备任务设置和应急响应能力建设是应急管理中重要内容,是突发事件应急预案编制前置条件和基础。基于情景-任务-能力应急预案管理思想,描述了突发事件应急准备任务和应急响应能力的概念、方法和内容,提出了突发事件应急准备的共同任务和职责任务的一览表,并对共同任务中应急准备一项的内容做了具体介绍。在提出应急响应能力一览表的同时,论述了其功能及发展。     

Assessing sustainability: An assessment framework to evaluate Agenda 21 actions at the local level

In Switzerland, communities are encouraged to define and to report on local Agenda 21. This paper presents an analysis framework to help local communities set sustainable development priorities and to follow through with appropriate actions. Four Swiss communities, from the French-speaking part of Switzerland, actively follow the project: Lausanne (114 304 citizens), Vevey (15 364 citizens), Mannens-Grandsivaz (505 citizens) and Essertines/Yverdon (666 citizens). The analysis framework developed is constituted of four interdependent fields: the societal characteristics, the individual or collective behaviours, the end objectives or sustainability impacts and the inhabitant's perception of these three fields. The link between society and behaviour can be studied through sociological analyses. The link between behaviour and environmental impact can be established thanks to Life Cycle analysis and Input/Output analyses. At each level, sustainable development indicators can be defined. As an application of the framework, the citizen energy consumption has been studied and expressed in energy slaves (= 3150 MJ/Year). A Swiss citizen needs altogether 69 slaves, 20 for his private consumption of goods and services, 19 for housing, 11 for transport, I1 for food and 8 for his consumption of public goods. If one fifth of the inhabitants of Lausanne, wanting to live closer to nature, actually moved out of town, the region would need 10 436 more slaves for 3500 persons happily living in the countryside.     

建筑业省域安全生产目标设置和政策优化路径研究*

为科学、合理地设置省域建筑业安全生产目标，运用目标设置理论，基于参照系法，考虑省域间建筑业技术水平差异，通过耦合动态聚类和双层前沿DEA方法构建建筑业省域安全生产目标设置模型，并结合2018年相关数据开展实证研究。结果表明:运用该模型计算得到的我国整体建筑业安全生产死亡人数控制目标为541人，较2018年实际死亡人数减少约36%，其中江苏、广东、四川降幅最显著，分别为50，50，27人；促进目标实现的政策优化路径因省而异，优先改善管理（H型）和侧重提高技术（L型）的省域数量比为15∶11；空间上不同类型的省域具有明显的集聚特征，H型省域集中分布于西部及东北地区，L型省域则多位于中部地区，国家可据此制定差异化的区域建筑业安全生产管理战略。